RESEP SAYUR SOP BAKSO SEDAP DAN GURIH

Resep Sayur Sop Bakso - Masakan berkuah bening dengan cita rasa kuah yang segar dan gurih sudah tentu sangat sedap disantap panas-panas. Cara membuat sup bakso daging sapi bening campur sayur bisa menjadi menu rumahan yang enak dan sederhana sebagai hidangan spesial keluarga dan juga favorit untuk anak.

Memasak sayur sop sering kali menjadi pilihan utama saat ingin menyajikan aneka menu sehat dari sayur mayur, selain mudah dan praktis juga rasanya sangat cocok bagi semua anggota keluarga.

Kita dapat menetukan pilihan bermacam-macam jenis sayur yang diinginkan. Supaya kuah berasa lebih gurih berkaldu maka dikombinasikan dengan ayam, daging, sosis, bakso ikan atau bakso daging dalam resep kali ini.

Persiapan Bahan Bumbu Sayur Sop Bakso

• 150 gram kol dipotong sesuai selera
• 150 gram jamur kancing dibelah 4 bagian
• 150 gram wortel dipotong bulat tipis
• 1 buah kentang besar (200 gram) dikupas lalu potong dadu
• 10 buah bakso sapi dibelah 2, lalu kerat menyilang
• 2 batang daun bawang dipotong sesuai selara
• 2 liter air
• 1 sdt pala bubuk
• 1/2 sdt kaldu bubuk atau penyedap sesuai selera
• 1 sdt lada/merica bubuk
• 1 sdm garam
• 1 sdt gula pasir
• 1 buah tomat belah 4 bagian
• 6 butir bawang merah dihaluskan
• 3 siung bawang putih dihaluskan
• 2 cm jahe dihaluskan
• minyak untuk menumis bumbu
• bawang goreng untuk taburan

Cara Membuat Sayur Sop Bakso

1. Panaskan sedikit minyak, kemudian tumis bawang merah, bawang putih dan jahe halus hingga harum. Tuang air, aduk lalu masak hingga mendidih.
2. Masukkan wortel, kentang dan bakso, serta beri garam, gula, kaldu bubuk, merica dan pala bubuk. Aduk rata lalu masak hingga mendidih kembali, bakso mekar serta wortel dan kentang empuk.
3. Masukkan kol, jamur dan daun bawang, lanjutkan memasak hingga matang. Terakhir masukkan potongan tomat lalu matikan api, angkat dan siap untuk disajikan hangat-hangat dengan taburan bawang goreng.

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MMWR: Evidence Of Zika Infection In Brain & Placental Tissues From Congenital Infections

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Although there are still a lot of unanswered questions, today's Early Release from the MMWR contains some of the strongest evidence to date linking maternal infection with the Zika virus to microcephaly and/or fetal death.

Analysed are four cases from Brazil, two involving fetuses that spontaneously miscarried late in the first trimester, and two babies born with microcephaly at or near full term that died within 20 hours of delivery. 

All four mothers had clinical signs of Zika infection during their first trimester, and subsequent post mortem testing of brain and placental tissues (see details below), showed evidence of Zika infection.
 
 

FEBRUARY 10, 2016
 
A surge in the number of children born with microcephaly has been noted in regions of Brazil with a high prevalence of suspected Zika virus disease. This report describes evidence of a link between Zika virus infection and microcephaly and fetal demise through detection of viral RNA and antigens in brain tissues from infants with microcephaly and placental tissues from early miscarriages.

Notes from the Field: Evidence of Zika Virus Infection in Brain and Placental Tissues from Two Congenitally Infected Newborns and Two Fetal Losses — Brazil, 2015

Early Release / February 10, 2016 / 65(06);1–2

Format:

 

 

Roosecelis Brasil Martines, MD, PhD¹; Julu Bhatnagar, PhD¹; M. Kelly Keating, DVM¹; Luciana Silva-Flannery, PhD¹; Atis Muehlenbachs, MD, PhD¹; Joy Gary, DVM, PhD¹; Cynthia Goldsmith, MS¹; Gillian Hale, MD¹; Jana Ritter, DVM¹; Dominique Rollin, MD¹; Wun-Ju Shieh, MD, PhD¹; Kleber G. Luz, MD, PhD²; Ana Maria de Oliveira Ramos, MD, PhD³; Helaine Pompeia Freire Davi, MD, PhD⁴; Wanderson Kleber de Oliveria, MD⁵; Robert Lanciotti, PhD⁶; Amy Lambert, PhD⁶; Sherif Zaki, MD, PhD¹

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is related to dengue virus and transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, with humans acting as the principal amplifying host during outbreaks. Zika virus was first reported in Brazil in May 2015 (1). By February 9, 2016, local transmission of infection had been reported in 26 countries or territories in the Americas.* Infection is usually asymptomatic, and, when symptoms are present, typically results in mild and self-limited illness with symptoms including fever, rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis. However, a surge in the number of children born with microcephaly was noted in regions of Brazil with a high prevalence of suspected Zika virus disease cases. More than 4,700 suspected cases of microcephaly were reported from mid-2015 through January 2016, although additional investigations might eventually result in a revised lower number (2). In response, the Brazil Ministry of Health established a task force to further investigate possible connections between the virus and brain anomalies in infants (3).

Since November 2015, CDC has been developing assays for Zika virus testing in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. In December 2015, FFPE tissues samples from two newborns (born at 36 and 38 weeks gestation) with microcephaly who died within 20 hours of birth and two miscarriages (fetal losses at 11 and 13 weeks) were submitted to CDC, from the state of Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil, for histopathologic evaluation and laboratory testing for suspected Zika virus infection. All four mothers had clinical signs of Zika virus infection, including fever and rash, during the first trimester of pregnancy, but did not have clinical signs of active infection at the time of delivery or miscarriage. The mothers were not tested for antibodies to Zika virus. Samples included brain and other autopsy tissues from the two newborns, a placenta from one of the newborns, and products of conception from the two miscarriages.

FFPE tissues were tested by Zika virus reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the nonstructural protein 5 and envelope genes using general methods for RT-PCR (4), and by immunohistochemistry using a mouse polyclonal anti-Zika virus antibody, using methods previously described (5). Specific specimens from all four cases were positive by RT-PCR, and sequence analysis provided further evidence of Zika virus infection, revealing highest identities with Zika virus strains isolated from Brazil during 2015. In the newborns, only brain tissue was positive by RT-PCR assays. 

Specimens from two of the four cases were positive by immunohistochemistry: viral antigen was noted in mononuclear cells (presumed to be glial cells and neurons within the brain) of one newborn, and within the chorionic villi from one of the miscarriages. Testing for dengue virus was negative by RT-PCR in specimens from all cases.

For both newborns, significant histopathologic changes were limited to the brain, and included parenchymal calcification, microglial nodules, gliosis, and cell degeneration and necrosis. Other autopsy tissues and placenta had no significant findings. Tests for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, and HIV were negative in the two mothers who experienced miscarriages. Placental tissue from one miscarriage showed heterogeneous chorionic villi with calcification, fibrosis, perivillous fibrin deposition, and patchy intervillositis and focal villitis, while tissue from the other miscarriage had sparsely sampled normal-appearing chorionic villi.

This report describes evidence of a link between Zika virus infection and microcephaly and fetal demise through detection of viral RNA and antigens in brain tissues from infants with microcephaly and placental tissues from early miscarriages. Histopathologic findings indicate the presence of Zika virus in fetal tissues. These findings also suggest brain and early gestational placental tissue might be the preferred tissues for postmortem viral diagnosis. Nonfrozen, formalin-fixed specimens or FFPE blocks are the preferred sample type for histopathologic evaluation and immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR can be performed on either fresh frozen or formalin-fixed specimens. To better understand the pathogenesis of Zika virus infection and associated congenital anomalies and fetal death, it is necessary to evaluate autopsy and placental tissues from additional cases, and to determine the effect of gestational age during maternal illness on fetal outcomes.

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CDC Video: Zika 101

Click to watch On YouTube

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There's been so much hype and misinformation out there about the Zika virus that I'm pleased to see that the CDC's Principal Deputy Director Anne Schuchat, M.D. has been selected to present a 4 minute video explaining the Zika threat. 

Admiral Schuchat was the `voice' of the CDC during the opening months of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, and her ability to convey rapidly changing and unscripted  information – while acknowledging those things that were still unknown – earned her a lot of fans in the media.

Follow this link, or click the image below, to watch the presentation.

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WHO H7N9 Update - China

Click to Enlarge

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Over the past month we've seen scattered reports of H7N9 cases across mainland China (see Hong Kong CHP Notified Of 19 Additional H7N9 Cases On Mainland),
although few details have been forthcoming.

Today the World Health Organization published an updated listing of 28 `recent' cases - going back to December 21st - reported to them by the Chinese government.

Although comparisons are tough without a real-time disclosure of cases, we seem to be seeing fewer cases reported (and none so far in Hong Kong), compared to the past two winters.

Human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus – China

Disease outbreak news
10 February 2016 

On 5 February 2016, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) of China notified WHO of 28 additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus, including five deaths. 

Onset dates ranged from 21 December 2015 to 25 January 2016. Cases ranged in age from 14 to 91 years, with a median age of 58 years. Of these 28 cases, 18 (64%) were male. The majority (25 cases, 89%) reported exposure to live poultry or live poultry markets; the exposure history of three cases is unknown or no clear exposure to poultry. No clusters were reported. Cases were reported from six provinces and municipalities: Zhejiang (13), Jiangsu (5), Guangdong (4), Fujian (3), Shanghai (2) and Hunan (1). See attachment for individual case information.

Detailed information concerning these cases can be found in a separate document (see related links).

Public health response

The Chinese Government has taken the following surveillance and control measures:

• strengthening outbreak surveillance and situation analysis;
• reinforcing all efforts on medical treatment; and
• conducting risk communication with the public and dissemination of information.

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Russia's Flu Epidemic: Week 6 Epidemiology Report

Russian Research Institute of Influenza

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Russia's flu epidemic has been raging for three weeks, forcing the closure of more than 11,000 schools, and as it consists primarily A(H1N1)pdm09, it is hitting younger adults and children particularly hard.

Today the Russian Research Institute of Influenza has published their latest (week 6) epidemiological report, which shows a slight reduction in flu activity, but still with ILI & ARI morbidity levels running very high.

First some excerpts from today's report, after which I'll have some brief comments.

Week 01.02.2016-07.02.2016

Influenza and ARI morbidity data

Epidemiological data slight (by 13.3%) decrease of influenza activity in Russia in comparison with previous week.  However the nationwide ILI & ARI morbidity level (125.2 per 10 000 of population) exceeded the national baseline (69.5 per 10 000) by 80.1%

.
ILI and ARI epidemic thresholds were exceeded in 44 of 58 cities collaborating with two WHO NICs in Russia.

Cumulative number of diagnosed influenza cases

Laboratory diagnosis data. Results of influenza laboratory diagnosis by different tests were submitted by 53 RBLs and two WHO NICs. According to these data as a result of 13246 patients investigation the overall proportion of respiratory samples positive for influenza virus was estimated as 4321 (32.6%) including 3982 (92.2%) influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases, 128 (3.0%) influenza A(H3N2) cases, 174 (4.0%) influenza A cases and 37 (0.9%) influenza B cases.

Conclusion

Influenza and ARI morbidity data. Influenza activity decreased slightly on the week 06.2016 however the nationwide ILI & ARI morbidity level (125.2 per 10 000 of population) exceeded still the national baseline by 80.1%.

Etiology of ILI & ARI morbidity. As a result of investigation of 13246 patients in 53 cities of Russia the overall proportion of respiratory samples positive for influenza in traditional surveillance system was estimated as 32.6%. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 dominated (92.2% of influenza cases). Influenza A(H3N2) and B cases registered sporadically.

The overall proportion of respiratory samples tested positive for parainfluenza, adenovirus and RSV was estimated in total as 4.5% (PCR) and 13.4% (IFA) of investigated samples.

In sentinel surveillance system clinical samples from 86 SARI and 112 ILI/ARI patients were investigated by rRT-PCR. 59 (68.8%) influenza cases including 55 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and 4 influenza A(H3N2) cases were detected among SARI patients. A total 40 (35.7%) influenza cases including 37 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and 3 influenza A(H3N2) cases were detected among ILI/ARI patients.

Antigenic characterization. Totally 123 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 2 influenza A(H3N2) and 5 influenza B viruses were characterizated antigenically in two NICs of Russia since the beginning of the season. According to St.Petersburg NIC data 21 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strains were related closely to influenza A/California/07/09 virus. 

Most of 102 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses investigated in Moscow NIC were similar to vaccine A/California/07/09 virus however 10 of them had decreased up to 1/16 titer in interaction with antiserum to this virus. Two A(H3N2) strains were similar to influenza A/Hong-Kong/5738/2014 virus, with antiserum to influenza A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 they reacted up to 1/4 - 1/8 of homological titer in HI.

All investigated 5 influenza B viruses belonged to Victorian lineage and were similar to influenza B/Brisbane/60/2008 reference strain reacting with antiserum to this virus up to 1 - 1/8 of homological titer in HI.

Genetic characterization. 54 investigated influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus strains were A/South Africa/3626/2013-like. All viruses bear clade 6B specific mutations in HA (S84N, S162+N and I216T) and formed new genetic group according to phylogenetic analysis. Two A(H1N1)pdm09 sequences obtained directly from autopsy sample showed the presence of additional mutation D222G in HA1.

Susceptibility to antiviral drugs. According to genetic investigations 54 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were susceptible to oseltamivir and resistant to rimantadine. These results coincided with Munana testing of 10 strains isolated in St.-Petersburg.

Today's report indicates that 15 additional  A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were antigenically characterized, and (based on the numeric differences from Week 5), all appear to be closely related to influenza A/California/07/09 virus. 

Additionally, the number of virus samples with decreased titers to the vaccine virus remained unchanged from last week at 10. 

Once again, this week's report once again states that - Two A(H1N1)pdm09 sequences obtained directly from autopsy sample showed the presence of additional mutation D222G in HA1. - although it seems likely this is a carry over from last week. 


In a final bit of good news, there doesn't appear to be any sign of a loss of susceptibility of the 6B clade of H1N1 to Oseltamivir - in contrast to last week's Eurosurveillance: Emergence of A(H1N1)pdm09 Genogroup 6B In India, 2015 report which found some (limited) detection of the H275Y resistance mutation. 
 

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Rospotrebnadzor Week 5 Update: Russia's Influenza Epidemic Continues To Rise

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We've been watching Russia's flu epidemic for several weeks, including epidemiological reports suggesting that the H1N1pdm09 virus responsible for the bulk of the misery has evolved into a new subgroup (see WHO Risk Assessment - Seasonal Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09).

We should get the latest (Epi Week 6) update from the  WHO National Influenza Centre Of Russia in the next day or so. 

Minzdrav, the Russian Ministry of Health, has been largely silent regarding their current flu outbreak, but  Rospotrebnadzor - the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing - has provided weekly updates on the societal impact of the epidemic. 

Flu activity has been reported to have peaked in some regions, but today's announcement from Rospotrebnadzor describes the epidemic as `still rising', and they report 11,470 schools, 2,298 kindergartens, 578 colleges,72 universities completely closed due to the epidemic. 

 By comparison, last week the headlines reported The flu epidemic in Russia: in quarantine closed 9,000 schools, making this week's closures a roughly 25% increase over last week.
 

The closing of schools in Russia during severe flu seasons is not uncommon, and every winter we see reports of hundreds - sometimes even a few thousand - schools shuttered to reduce the community spread of the virus.

This year, however, the number of school closings seems unusually high - even for Russia - and many schools have remained closed for as long as three weeks.  The number of schools closed is a pretty good indicator of flu activity, and so we'll continue to watch this metric for signs of improvement.


This from Rospotrebnadzor: 

On the epidemic situation of the incidence of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections in the Russian Federation for the 5 week 2016

02.10.2016 Mr.

February 10, 2015 in Rospotrebnadzor held a conference "On organization of preventive and anti-epidemic measures in the Russian Federation in the period of epidemic rise of influenza and SARS." The meeting was attended by representatives of executive authorities of the Russian Federation, Head of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being on the subjects of the Russian Federation, on Rail Transport, heads of executive bodies of subjects of the Russian Federation in the field of public health protection, enforcement authorities the executive authorities of subjects of the Russian Federation, engaged in public administration in the field of education, the chief doctors of the Federal budget and health care institutions - hygiene and epidemiology centers in the Russian Federation.


At the 5 week (1-7 February 2016) in the Russian Federation continues to rise in epidemic influenza and SARS, weekly epidemic threshold exceeded by the total population registered in the 68-subjects of the Russian Federation.

Excess epidporoga the central city without exceeding epidporoga on the subject reported in 4 cities: Krasnodar, Penza, Irkutsk, Vladivostok.

Among children younger than 2 years of excess weekly incidence thresholds noted in 50 regions of Russia among children 3-6 years - in 63-s of the Russian Federation, 7-14 years - in 44 subjects. Among people older than 15 years exceeded the weekly incidence thresholds noted in 64 subjects of the Russian Federation.

In a number of subjects there is a tendency to reduce the incidence. 

According to the monitoring data in the circulating respiratory viruses structure is dominated by influenza viruses A (H1N1) 2009.

In week 5, taking into account the incidence of pre-school children and pupils were completely closed 11,470 schools, 2,298 kindergartens, 578 colleges, 72 university.

Partially closed schools and kindergartens 8924 and 8411 class groups.

Fully closed schools (extraordinary holidays) in Moscow, Oryol, Leningrad, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk and Omsk regions.

Kindergartens are completely closed in the Leningrad region.

The situation is under the control of Rospotrebnadzor.

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RESEP SAMBAL GOANG DADAKAN KHAS SUNDA

Resep Sambal Goang - Salah satu macam sambal sederhana yang akrab menemani menu makan sehari-hari adalah sambal goang. Umumnya resep sambal goang khas sunda diolah mentah atau tanpa dimasak yang sering disebut juga dengan sambal dadakan karena kepraktisannya. Walaupun sederhana, tetapi sangat populer sebagai pelengkap menu resto-resto di Bandung, Bogor, Sumedang bahkan populer juga di Betawi dengan berbagai aneka kreasinya.

Masyarakat sunda Jawa Barat menjadikan sambal goang sebagai pelengkap menu makan sehari-hari supaya makannya tambah lahap. Bahan utama cara membuat sambal goang bisa menggunakan cabe rawit merah maupun cabe rawit hijau yang dibubuhi garam, kemudian diulek bersama kombinasi bahan dengan stok yang ada atau bahan lainnya yang disesuaikan selera. Ada yang menambahkan kencur, daun kemangi, terasi, kapulaga dan lain sebagainya untuk memberikan variasi rasa dan aroma sehingga lebih sedap disantap. Bahkan dengan pemakaian cabe rawit setan atau cengek domba akan menambah level kepedasan yang semakin menggugah selera.

Persiapan Bahan Sambal Goang

• 15 buah cabe rawit merah (rawit setan atau cengek domba)
• 1 sdt gula merah
• 1/2 sdt garam
• 1 cm kencur
• 1 siung bawang putih ukuran kecil
• 1 sdm terasi udang, goreng sebentar dengan sedikit minyak
• 1 buah jeruk purut
• daun kemangi secukupnya (opsional)

Cara Membuat Sambal Goang

1. Siapkan cobek, kemudian ulek semua bahan kecuali jeruk purut hingga halus serta aduk rata.
2. Beri air perasan jeruk purut dan siap untuk disajikan. Bisa tambahkan daun kemangi atau dapat juga hidangkan terpisah sebagai lalapan.

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