Rabu, 13 Januari 2016

















# 10,882


For the second day running the Saudi MOH has announced a primary MERS case (with camel contact), this time from Medinah.


As the chart below indicated, we've seen spikes in Saudi MERS cases occur at several different times of the year, with considerable variation between 2014 and 2015.  Most of these large spikes have been driven by major nosocomial outbreaks.



It has been theorized that the camel calving season (Nov-Feb) may exacerbate the spread of the virus among immunologically naive young camels (see EID Journal: MERS Coronavirus In A Saudi Dromedary Herd), and may increase the risk of exposure to humans during the spring.
The data right now is mixed, and inconclusive, with large outbreaks occurring in the spring and late summer, and smaller surges recorded in the winter and late fall.  


As Dr. Ian Mackay wrote last month in his VDU blog:

The season of the MERS...is mainly whenever the infection control fails















# 10,881


While the number of new outbreaks has slowed, seven weeks into France's unprecedented HPAI/LPAI H5 outbreak (involving 5 new strains), an 8th Department (Haute-Garonne) has now reported an outbreak. 

This from the State Services In Haute-Garonne website:

(Translated)

An outbreak of avian influenza highly pathogenic H5N1 has been located in a farm located in the town of Lafitte-Vigordane in Haute-Garonne

 
After locating a highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in a farm located in the town of Lafitte-Vigordane in Haute-Garonne, the prefect decided immediately deploying protective measures to prevent the risk of spreading the disease from that home.

The  poultry  farming will be a complete slaughter, and the buildings will be cleaned and disinfected.

A regulated perimeter is set up, consisting of a  protection zone of 3 km  around the outbreak and a 10 km surveillance zone.

The protection zone is the confinement of poultry farms, the ban on movement of animals and hatching eggs. The surveillance zone is a clinical monitoring and conducting analyzes on farms.

Furthermore, the prefect of the Haute-Garonne requires breeders who would see a drop in productivity, abnormal mortality, respiratory symptoms, digestive or nervous, within their contact poultry without waiting for their livestock veterinarian.

It should be recalled that avian influenza is not transmissible to humans through the consumption of meat, eggs, foie gras and more generally any food product.


France's MOA has updated their site to reflect this latest outbreak, along with a new reported HPAI H5N2 outbreak in the  Pyrénées-Atlantiques, bringing the total number of HPAI outbreaks to 69. 



What is the current situation in France? (updated on 01/13/2016 at 10am)

In total, to date, 69 of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in poultry have been detected in eight departments of the South West of France.
ANSES gave its opinion delivered on 14 December 2015, on the potential danger to humans from the avian influenza strain identified, including the results of the complete sequencing of the H5N1 strain detected in the first home in the Dordogne. She confirmed the absence for this dangerous H5N1 strain of the key markers for human.
Find below the details of homes by department below:

In the Dordogne, 13 homes

In the Landes, 28 homes

In Haute-Vienne, a home

In Gers, 10 homes

In the Pyrénées Atlantiques, 12 homes

In the Hautes-Pyrénées, 3 fireplaces

In the Lot, a home

In Haute-Garonne, a home


For the most recent epidemiological analysis of this outbreak you may wish to revisit:


Bureau of Santé Animale: Avian Flu Outbreak In France - Update

















# 18,880


For each of the two final reporting weeks of 2015 Brazil announced roughly 200 new suspected microcephalic births under investigation - a substantial drop over the numbers we were seeing in early December - but still 70 times greater than normal (average 3/wk).

Today, in the first full reporting week after the Christmas/New Year's holidays, we see a substantial jump (75%) in suspected cases, with 356 new cases announced. 

Although the link has not yet been fully established, Brazilian scientists strongly suspect these thousands of recent excess microcephalic births are likely due to maternal infection with the Zika virus during the first and second trimester .   

Assuming that theory is correct - since Zika is carried and transmitted by mosquitoes, and microcephalic births are a trailing indicator (by 3 to 9 months on average) - we are presumably now seeing the results of Mosquito borne infections that occurred between May and September of last year. 

This is particularly worrisome as last year was the first year that the Zika Virus was detected in Brazil, and since that May-September window occurred during Brazil's winter; a cooler, dryer season when mosquito activity is generally lessened.

Brazil's  summer season began three weeks ago, and their rainy season generally runs through March, meaning this will be the first full summer of Zika in Brazil.

With Carnival in Rio just three weeks away, many scientists warn this may afford the virus an excellent opportunity to spread, as 500,000 visitors are expected for the celebration (see  Rio Worries Over A `Zika Summer'). The CDC recently issued a travel notice (see  Zika Virus in South America) for those planning a trip to South America.

Although Brazil has been, by far, the hardest hit - the Zika virus has now shown up in 13 countries and territories in the Americas, and its spread is expected to continue.
 
While Zika infection is normally milder than Dengue, in recent months infection has been linked to a rise in neurological illness, including Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) (see ECDC: Complications Potentially Linked To The Zika Virus Outbreaks In Brazil & French Polynesia).

Again, as with the microcephalic births, the link between Zika and GBS is not fully established.
 
So far, only imported cases have been reported in the United States, but as we've seen with  Chikungunya and Dengue, limited local transmission seems likely as the virus moves north.

This from the Brazilian MOH:
(translated)

Registration Date: 01/12/2016 19:01:42 changed in the 12.1.2016 the 19:01:42
3,530 cases are under investigation recorded in 724 municipalities in 21 Brazilian states. Research result confirms four malformation deaths related to Zika virus

New epidemiological report released on Tuesday, (11) by the Ministry of Health indicates microcephaly 3,530 suspected cases related to the Zika virus. Suspected cases of the disease in newborns are computed from the beginning of the investigation (on 22 October 2015) until January 9 this year and occurred in 724 municipalities in 21 Brazilian states. Also under investigation 46 babies with microcephaly deaths possibly related to the Zika virus, all in the Northeast.

The state of Pernambuco, the first to identify an increase of microcephaly, continues with the greatest number of suspected cases (1,236), representing 35% of total registered across the country. Next are the states of Paraíba (569), Bahia (450), Ceará (192), Rio Grande do Norte (181), Sergipe (155), Alagoas (149), Mato Grosso (129) and Rio de Janeiro ( 122).

The report also presents the results of laboratory investigation of four cases of deaths which occurred in Rio Grande do Norte, with congenital malformation, who had the relationship with confirmed Zika virus. These cases were being investigated by the Control and the US Center for Disease Prevention (CDC), which sent the results to the Ministry of Health.

Two of these cases are miscarriages and two newborns at term (37-42 weeks gestation) who died in the first 24 hours of life. The samples were positive in the PCR test laboratory Zika virus. Furthermore, tissue samples of both newborns were positive in immunohistochemistry test, carried out by the CDC.

According to the clinical and epidemiological investigations carried out previously by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), all four patients presented fever and rashes during and pregnancy. These results add to the other evidence obtained in 2015 and reinforce the hypothesis relationship between the Zika virus infection and the occurrence of microcephaly and other congenital malformations. However, the Ministry highlights the need for further investigations and research of changing the number of microcefalias and other malformations due to infectious processes.

VIRUS ZIKA - Currently, the movement of the Zika is confirmed by PCR with molecular biology technology. From the confirmation in a particular locality, the other diagnoses are made ​​clinically, for medical assessment of symptoms.

So far, they are with indigenous circulation of Zika virus 20 units of the federation. They are: Federal District, Mato Grosso do Sul, Roraima, Amazonas, Para, Rondonia, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Maranhao, Piaui, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Paraná.

ORIENTATION - The Ministry of Health advises pregnant women to adopt measures to reduce the presence of disease-transmitting mosquitoes by eliminating breeding sites, and protect themselves from mosquito exposure, such as keeping doors and closed or screened windows, wear pants and shirt long-sleeved and use repellents allowed for pregnant women.


Cara Membuat Sayur Bobor Bayam Resep Gurih-Gurih Segar
Resep Sayur Bobor Bayam Enak dan Gurih. Variasi cara memasak sayur bayam yang enak dan mudah tidak selalu berkuah bening, sayur bayam santan atau dalam khas masakan Jawa dikenal dengan sayur bobor ini dapat menjadi pilihan dalam mengolah bayam dengan kuah yang enak dan gurih.

Sayur bobor biasanya menggunakan kuah santan yang encer, sehingga cita rasanya gurih tetapi sensasi kuahnya tetap berasa ringan dan segar saat disantap. Cara membuat sayur bobor bayam gurih-gurih segar yang sederhana dan praktis ini sebenarnya juga dapat dikombinasikan dengan campuran bahan-bahan lainnya, seperti labu siam, tempe, jagung dan lain sebagainya.

Persiapan Bahan dan Bumbu Sayur Bobor Bayam
  • 2 ikat bayam disiangi dan cuci bersih
  • 2 lembar daun salam
  • 3 cm lengkuas digeprek
  • 900 ml santan dari 120 gram kelapa parut
  • 1 sdt gula pasir
  • 1 sdt garam
  • 1/2 sdt kaldu bubuk atau sesuai selera
  • minyak untuk menumis
Bumbu halus :
  • 1 sdt ketumbar
  • 1/2 sdt lada/merica butir
  • 2 cm kencur
  • 2 siung bawang putih
  • 4 butir bawang merah
  • 3 butir kemiri
Cara Membuat Sayur Bobor Bayam
  1. Panaskan sedikit minyak, tumis bumbu halus, lengkuas dan daun salam, aduk-aduk hingga harum. Selanjutnya tuangkan santan, masak sambil diaduk-aduk agar santan tidak pecah.
  2. Setelah mendidih, masukkan garam, gula pasir, dan kaldu bubuk, aduk rata lalu masukkan bayam. Masak sebentar sambil sesekali diaduk hingga bayam layu atau matang, angkat dan siap untuk disajikan.

Selasa, 12 Januari 2016

Jiangsu Province - Credit Wikipedia













#10,879





Although I've found not any official announcement from the Jiangsu Provincial government, Taiwan's CDC is reporting today that a Taiwanese businessman living in Jiangsu Province is hospitalized with the H7N9 virus.

This would make the 3rd such case in Jiangsu Province since the start of the fall epidemic wave. 

The following press release from Taiwan's CDC explains that when the businessman's son returned from China he promptly alerted authorities as to his father's infection, and his potential exposure. 


Taiwan CDC commends suspected H7N9 influenza patient for voluntarily notifying quarantine officer at airport upon arrival
( 2016-01-12 )




In the evening of January 8, 2016, a 26-year-old male who resides in northern Taiwan voluntarily notified the quarantine officer at Taipei Songshan Airport upon his arrival from Jiangsu Province, China despite his normal body temperature and without having any symptoms. However, he had come into a suspected H7N9 influenza patient during his trip to China. After initial assessment by the quarantine officer at the airport, his risk of becoming infected with the virus is deemed low. Therefore, the passenger was allowed to return home after given relevant health education and being asked to conduct self-health management. In the same evening, the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (Taiwan CDC) immediately contacted the relevant health authority in China to find out if any Taiwanese businessman in China had become infected with H7N9 influenza. As of now, the passenger has not experienced any symptoms and the Chinese health authority informed Taiwan CDC that the nasopharyngeal swab collected from the passenger in China tested negative for the H7N9 influenza virus.

Taiwan CDC appreciates the passenger’s vigilance and effort in voluntarily notifying the quarantine officer about his probable infection and complying with subsequent prevention measures and follow-up activities. As effective disease prevention and control require both government and public engagement efforts, Taiwan CDC urges the public to the passenger’s example and help ward off infectious diseases together.
According to the epidemiological investigation, the passenger visited his father who does business in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China in late December and he returned to Taiwan in the end of December. On January 5, when he was told that his father was severely ill, he visited China again. As his father was hospitalized in critical condition in the intensive care unit, he did not come into contact with his father. On January 5, besides the father, nasopharyngeal swabs were also collected from the passenger and a family friend who had previously come into contact with the father by the Chinese health authority. On January 11, the swabs came back negative for the H7N9 influenza virus. Only the father was tested positive for the virus. Taiwan CDC will continue to closely monitor the health of the passenger and his father. When necessary, Taiwan CDC will send a medical officer to Kunshan to better understand the father’s condition and conduct relevant health education to the Taiwanese businessmen and people living there.
Since October 1, 2015, a cumulative total of 23 H7N9 influenza infections, including 14 cases in Zhejiang Province, 3 cases in Guangdong Province, 3 cases in Jiangsu Province, 2 cases in Shanghai City, and 1 case in Jiangxi Province, have been confirmed in China. The majority of them are aged over 50 peasants and poultry workers and had a history of live poultry exposure. Since March 31, 2013, a cumulative total of 700 H7N9 influenza infections, including 275 deaths announced by WHO on December 14, 2015, have been confirmed in China (680), Hong Kong (13), Taiwan (4), Canada (2), and Malaysia (1). Currently, Taiwan CDC has issued a travel notice of Level 2: Alert for avian influenza to Zhejiang Province, Guangdong Province, Anhui Province, Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province, Jiangsu Province, and Shanghai City, and a travel notice of Level 1: Watch for avian influenza to the other provinces and cities in China, excluding Hong Kong and Macau.
Taiwan CDC advises travelers visiting China to practice good personal hygiene such as washing hands with soap and water frequently and putting on a mask when coughing and take preventive measures such as avoiding direct contact with poultry and birds or their droppings/dead bodies, and consuming only thoroughly cooked poultry and eggs to ward off avian influenza infection. If influenza-like illness symptoms develop upon arriving in Taiwan, please voluntarily notify the airline crew and the quarantine officer at the quarantine station in the airport. If the aforementioned symptoms such as fever and cough develop after returning to Taiwan, please put on a surgical mask and seek immediate medical attention. Moreover, please inform the physician of the recent travel and exposure history to facilitate diagnosis and treatment. For more information, please visit the Taiwan CDC website at http://www.cdc.gov.tw or call the toll-free Communicable Disease Reporting and Consultation Hotline, 1922 (or 0800-001922).



Meanwhile Hong Kong's CHP has posted a notification of 8 recent H7N9 cases from Mainland China (occurring from November & December), all of which have been previously mentioned in this blog and/or are on FluTrackers' H7N9 Tracking list. 



CHP notified of eight additional human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) in Mainland
 

The Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health (DH) today (January 12) received notification of eight additional human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) with onset of symptoms between November 24 and December 24, 2015, from the National Health and Family Planning Commission, and again urged the public to maintain strict personal, food and environmental hygiene both locally and during travel. They comprise:

1. A male farmer aged 65 in Huzhou, Zhejiang, with exposure to a poultry market in critical condition;
2. A woman aged 51 in Pinghu, Zhejiang, with poultry contact who died on December 25, 2015;
3. A male farmer aged 77 in Tongxiang, Zhejiang, with exposure to a poultry market who died on December 11, 2015;
4. A woman aged 41 in Wuxi, Jiangsu, with exposure to a poultry market in serious condition;
5. A woman aged 52 in Changshu, Jiangsu, with exposure to a poultry market in critical condition;
6. A male farmer aged 53 in Huzhou, Zhejiang, with exposure to a poultry market in critical condition;
7. A woman aged 58 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, with exposure to poultry slaughtering in critical condition; and
8. A woman aged 29 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, with exposure to a poultry market in critical condition.
(Continue . . . )















#10,878


It's been nearly a month since the resource center of Epidemiosurveillance Santé Animale  last posted an update on France's ongoing HPAI/LPAI bird flu outbreaks, but this morning they have released an epidemiological update as of 01/07/16.

Of 129 suspected outbreaks, 67 have tested  positive for HPAI H5, 15 positive for LPAI H5, 45 proved negative, and 3 are still under investigation. 


Of note, while 20 of the HPAI H5 viruses' neuraminidase was undetermined, of the remainder H5N9 was the most common subtype detected, followed by H5N1.


Figure 6: Distribution of confirmed outbreaks of avian influenza by HP or insulated subtypes (France at 01/07/2016)


Follow the link below for the full report, which includes numerous maps, charts, and graphs.


(Translated)

Suspicions and Avian Influenza H5 outbreaks in France - Point 2016-1 situation in 01/07/2016


 











Sophie Le Bouquin (1), Adeline Huneau-Salaun (1), Rozenn Souillard (1), Manon Hamon (2) Matilda Saussac (3), Laure Bournez (3), Eric Niqueux (4), Audrey Schmitz (4) Jean-Yves Cough (1), Nicolas Eterradossi (4), Virginia Michel (1), Alexandre Fediaevsky (2), Didier Calavas (5), Pascal Hendrikx (3), Anne Bronner (2)

(1) Epidemiology Unit ANSES Ploufragan
(2) DGAl 
(3) Unit UCAS, Anses, Laboratories Directorate
(4) Virology Unit, National Reference Laboratory, ANSES Ploufragan
(5) Epidemiology Unit Anses-Lyon


1. Summary of suspicions

On 7 January 2016, 129 suspected cases of influenza avian were investigated leading to the identification of 67 (52%) outbreaks influenza avian highly pathogenic subtype H5, 14 (11%) outbreaks of influenza avian LPAI subtype H5 (Figure 1); 45 suspicions were overturned and three are being analyzed.

As part of the monitoring, a suspected infection of livestock by a H5 influenza virus can be of origin: 

o "Event": clinical signs of avian influenza observed in breeding,
o "analytic" from : 

· the annual national survey of serological surveillance, where farming has positive serological results, 

· the identification of epidemiological links between livestock and or proven outbreaks,
· screenings during movements provided of animals from livestock out of restricted areas.

These suspicions are reversed when H5 is not identified by PCR, or confirmed as H5 is present. In this case, the virus identified is qualified by a degree of pathogenicity, highly pathogenic (HP) or low pathogenic (LP).

HP avian influenza outbreaks were identified in seven departments (Figure 2). Four of them (Landes, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Gers and Dordogne) comprise 92% of these homes.
 Among the 126 investigated suspicions for which we have information, 58 (46%) were "Event" and 68 (54%) "analytical", making mostly a result of movements of animals before screening for outlet a restricted area (45 of 68, or 66% of analytical suspicions) (Table 1). About half of activation suspicions (43%) were confirmed (Figure 3), all for a subtype HP. As for screenings carried out under waivers for zone output, 42% (= 36/86) Waterfowl of farms in which samples were taken were found confirmed positive in HP, reflecting a significant contamination of the sector in restricted areas. All FP influenza cases have been identified from an original analytical suspicion.
(Continue . . .)
















#10,877


After an active summer, reported MERS cases in Saudi Arabia have dropped markedly in recent months, with only 5 cases recorded in December. 

Today, however, the MOH is reporting a new - primary case (camel contact) - in an 85 year old man from Bisha who is listed in stable condition.



Diberdayakan oleh Blogger.
src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4zgoKkY5esDyGDfXmhp5tz0W8H2jEgsRJx2wm9317hpr6CTdO8i4DPQj5mF-OAprw6GVcNt84Pt9Yp5U6XEz5h_pAP7azclFEO7kSUzDjr31IvLdzT01usqHnjVk1bBWsqpHQX6G4AIU/s1600/Photo0783.jpg" />

Followers

Hadith Prophet Muhammad

It is narrated on the authority of Amirul Mu’minin, Abu Hafs ‘Umar bin al-Khattab, radiyallahu ‘anhu, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu ‘alayhi wasallam, say: “Actions are (judged) by motives (niyyah) , so each man will have what he intended. Thus, he whose migration (hijrah) was to Allah and His Messenger, his migration is to Allah and His Messenger; but he whose migration was for some worldly thing he might gain, or for a wife he might marry, his migration is to that for which he migrated.” [Al-Bukhari & Muslim]

Abu Hamzah Anas bin Malik, radiyallahu ‘anhu, who was the servant of the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu ‘alayhi wasallam, reported that the Prophet, sallallahu ‘alayhi wasallam, said: “None of you truly believes (in Allah and in His religion) until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself.” [Al-Bukhari & Muslim]

About History

The urgent of reading history is that we become aware of his past life, progress and destruction of a nation, understand the wisdom behind the nation's history, feel the love, angry, sad, all within the scope of history. Because history is an art. Art is beauty. So people who do not know history, its own history, at least then he would not know the beauty of the wheel of life that applies to every person.

Blog Archives

google7580a3e780103fb4.html

Popular Posts

Our Blogs