18.12
Source American Heart Association
Note: This is day 2 of National Preparedness Month. Follow this year’s campaign on Twitter by searching for the #NatlPrep hash tag. This month, as part of NPM15, I’ll be rerunning some updated preparedness essays, along with some new ones.
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Although we usually talk about preparedness in terms of having an emergency plan and the right supplies (First Aid Kit, Emergency Radio, Bottled Water, Full Pantry, etc.), it is also important to have the right skills to deal with an emergency.
Basic stuff – like how to use a fire extinguisher, how to turn off the gas supply to your home or business, how to stop bleeding or apply first aid.
And one of the most common emergency situations you are likely to encounter is witnessing a Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA). More than a thousand of which occur every day across the nation, often in public places like parking lots, shopping malls, and houses of worship.
This from the Heart Rhythm Association:
- Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) is a leading cause of death in the United States, claiming more than 350,000 lives each year.1,2
- An estimated 382,800 people experience sudden cardiac arrest in the United States each year.
- Approximately 92% of those who experience sudden cardiac arrest do not survive.
- SCA kills more than 1,000 people a day, or one person every 90 seconds 1,2 — a number great than the number of deaths each year from breast cancer, lung cancer, stroke or AIDS.
What bystanders who do in the first few minutes of a witnessed SCA can mean the difference between life and death for the stricken individual. Luckily, hands-only CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) is easier to do than ever before, and there are thousands of AEDs (automated external defibrillators) stationed in public venues across the nation.
With a little bit of training, you can literally save someone’s life.
AEDs are designed to be used by laypersons who ideally should have received some AED training. Like doing CPR, the required skills are relatively simple, but they do require some degree of familiarity. I would strongly encourage everyone to take a CPR class, and if you already done so – take a refresher course every couple of years.
While this blog isn’t a substitute for taking a CPR class, it can help familiarize you with the basics.
Witnessing a cardiac arrest, particularly of a loved-one, can be a terrifying and traumatic experience. Far too often, bystanders are paralyzed into doing nothing while they wait for rescuers to arrive. As a paramedic, only rarely did I arrive on scene to find someone attempting to resuscitate a patient.
Almost inevitably, however, some kind soul had placed a pillow under the head of the victim to make them more `comfortable’, effectively closing off their airway.
Consequently, even with the advanced life support equipment we carried, our success rate in reviving these patients was dismally low.
Luckily, the new hands only resuscitation method - which eliminates the need for mouth-to-mouth ventilation - makes doing CPR easier than ever before. But hand’s on training is still important, if you expect to be able to react properly during an emergency.
While it won’t take the place of an actual class, you can watch how it is done on in this brief instructional video from the American Heart Association. Taking a CPR class only takes a few hours, can be fun, and is well worth the effort.
To find a local CPR course contact your local chapter of the American Red Cross, the American Heart Association, or (usually) your local fire department or EMS can steer you to a class.
As far as learning how to use an AED, the following interactive video is particularly well done, and is provided by the Medtronic Foundation in conjunction with the Heart Rescue Project. First the three steps you should know, then the video.
What to do if you see someone suddenly collapse.
If you see someone collapse suddenly, check if the victim is responsive. If not, remember these three easy steps.
Call 911
Have them send help. Stay on the line and listen for further instructions.
Start Chest Compressions
If the person is not breathing normally, start chest compressions. Push down hard and fast in the center of the chest. Keep your arms straight. Send someone to find an AED.
Use An AED
The AED (automated external defibrillator) is a portable medical device that delivers an electrical shock to restart a person’s heart. It provides voice prompts that tell you exactly what to do and will only administer a shock if needed, so there’s no reason to hesitate.
It only takes a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the operations of an AED by visiting the following website.
I should point out that not all cardiac arrests can be corrected by defibrillation, even if conducted in a timely manner. There are non-shockable arrhythmias that an AED cannot convert to sinus rhythm.
Non-shockable cardiac arrest arrhythmias are asystole (flat line) and PEA (Pulseless Electrical Activity) – what we used to call back in the stone age of EMS, electromechanical dissociation.
Neither of which respond to defibrillation.
Patients can sometimes still be saved with CPR alone, at least until the right cardiac meds can be administered. For more on all of this, we have the press release from the American Heart Association.
Guidelines-based CPR saves more non-shockable cardiac arrest victims
April 02, 2012
Study Highlights:
- CPR can save someone with cardiac arrest even if they don’t respond to a defibrillator.
- People with non-shockable cardiac arrest are more likely to live if they receive CPR based on recent guidelines emphasizing chest compressions.
- The American Heart Association’s CPR guidelines emphasizing chest compressions are saving more lives, according to a new study.
Of course, despite your best efforts, many SCA victims will not survive. But early and coordinated action taken by bystanders (calling 911, starting CPR, using AED if available) can substantially improve their chances.
For more on heart attacks, and CPR, you may wish to visit some of these earlier blogs.
Survivability Of Non-Shockable Rhythms With New CPR Guidelines
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